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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169409X99000150
If this is the case then single shot vaccine delivery vehicles that are designed to deliver long continuous infusions of a soluble vaccine (for example, a single recombinant protein antigen of a virus) may induce a tolerant state within the animal making it incapable of mounting an immune response to that antigen.Author: Terry L Bowersock, Stephen Martin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3523519/
In the last decade, many articles have reviewed research on the development and status of animal vaccines, especially those developed primarily for use in disease prevention for domestic animals (pets and production livestock).[1–3] This review addresses the challenges associated with formulation and delivery of such vaccines and how this assists researchers who are endeavoring to deliver ...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169409X99000150
The desire to meet these criteria, and especially safety, has resulted in the development of vaccines that do not depend on the use of the viable disease agent. The emphasis on subunit or inactivated vaccines that meet the desired criteria of a perfect vaccine has resulted in a critical need for better adjuvants and delivery systems.Author: Terry L Bowersock, Stephen Martin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3929219/
Appropriate animal models for intradermal vaccine delivery are scarce. Given the high similarity of their skin anatomy to that of humans, minipigs may be a suitable model for dermal vaccine delivery. Here we describe the immunization of Göttingen ...Author: Ploemen Ih, Hirschberg Hj, Kraan H, Zeltner A, van Kuijk S, Lankveld Dp, Royals M, Kersten Gf, Amori...
http://www.vets.co.il/Vaccine-delivery-to-wildlife--Assessment-of-efficacy
Conclusion. Manipulation of wildlife animals by vaccination, is a form of preventative means for disease management. Immunization creates a situation whereby population becomes resistant to disease, and disease transmission rate is reduced.However, suitable vaccination program is challenging to develop, taking into account the finding of a suitable vaccine, a proper means of delivery, cost and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease.A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
https://animalpharm.agribusinessintelligence.informa.com/AP016992/US-vaccine-delivery-firm-targets-global-expansion-by-2022
North Carolina-based biodevices firm Applied LifeSciences & Systems (ALS-S) has underlined a strategic plan to expand globally by 2022.
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/vaccine-delivery-to-animals-w026TGQjTo
Vaccine delivery to animals Vaccine delivery to animals Bowersock, Terry L; Martin, Stephen 1999-07-26 00:00:00 For many years vaccination of animals has been practiced to prevent infectious diseases using inactivated organisms or modified live organisms. The live vaccines were effective but lacked safety. The vaccines made with inactivated organisms required an adjuvant to induce an immune ...
https://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/livestock/opinion/animal-health-partnerships-vaccine-delivery.html
The rinderpest vaccine was a pioneering innovation that has since become the basis for efforts to control other animal diseases. Unlike previous vaccine formulations, this heat-tolerant vaccine made it possible to inoculate animals in remote areas without the need for refrigeration.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7167754_Mucosal_delivery_of_vaccines_in_domestic_animals
critically re view various strategies for mucosal delivery of vaccines in domestic animals. This This includes live bacte rial and viral vectors, part icul ate delivery-systems such as polymers ...
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