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https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/drug-delivery-for-the-posterior-segment
Grewal points to Vitrasert (Chiron, later Bausch + Lomb), the first sustained-release posterior segment drug delivery system that laid some of the foundation for today’s breakthroughs. Approved by the FDA in March 1996, Vitrasert consists of a 4.5 mg pellet of ganciclovir coated with a biocompatible polymer and is designed to deliver the drug over five to eight months.
https://www.oraclinical.com/resource/the-renaissance-of-drug-delivery-systems-for-the-posterior-segment/
Drug delivery to the posterior segment is hampered by the anatomy of the eye due to its inherent design, which dilutes and removes foreign material. In topically administered treatments, more than 90% of the drug from an eye drop will be lost before making it past the tear film.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332218306863
Whole retina is supplied by central retinal artery and posterior retinal artery and its branches. The venous outflow of retina is major route of drug elimination from it. RPE and endothelium of retinal blood vessels form the blood retinal barrier (BRB); huge obstacle in retinal drug delivery [28 ].Author: Kritika Nayak, Manju Misra
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503152
Modern drug delivery systems for targeting the posterior segment of the eye. Peptu CA, Popa M(1), Savin C, Popa RF, Ochiuz L. Author information: (1)Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Professor dr. docent Dimitrie Mangeron Str, nr. 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania. [email protected]: Catalina A. Peptu, Marcel Popa, Corina Savin, Radu F. Popa, Lacramioara Ochiuz
https://www.c2020hub.ca/posterior-drug-delivery
Posterior Segment Drug Delivery Background The main challenge to delivery of drugs in the eye, and the greatest challenge in ocular therapeutics in general, is delivery to the back of the eye.
https://www.retinalphysician.com/issues/2007/september-2007/drug-delivery-to-the-posterior-segment
Sep 01, 2007 · Their use in posterior-segment drug delivery focuses on their ability to reduce toxicity of drugs, prolong the half-life of drugs, and deliver drugs …
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5650193/
Other Posterior Segment Drug Delivery Devices Under Investigation The Cortiject® implant (NOVA63035, Novagali Pharma S.A.) is a preservative-free injectable emulsion containing a tissue-activated corticosteroid prodrug.Author: João Rafael de Oliveira Dias, Renata Portella Nunes, Raquel Goldhardt
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2633627/
Posterior segment drug delivery for inflammatory conditions, both noninfectious and infectious, should minimize collateral damage, and duration should be timed in accordance with the acute or chronic nature of the disease. In proliferative diabetic retinopathy, drugs may be delivered via and/or targeted to neovascular tissue.Author: Henry F. Edelhauser, Jeffrey H. Boatright, John M. Nickerson
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3061492/
Periocular drug delivery using the transscleral absorption pathway is one of the safest means of achieving consistent therapeutic drug concentrations in the inner coat of the posterior segment (Table 1). 5,6,24 Periocular drug delivery systems, however, require drugs to pass through several layers of ocular tissue (episclera, sclera, choroid, Bruch's membrane, and RPE) to reach the retina or vitreous …Author: Henry F. Edelhauser, Cheryl L. Rowe-Rendleman, Michael R. Robinson, Daniel G. Dawson, Gerald J. Chad...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289909/
The transscleral drug delivery with periocular administration route is evolved as an alternative mode of drug delivery to the posterior ocular tissues. Although transscleral delivery is comparatively easy, less invasive and patient compliant, drug permeation is compromised by ocular static and dynamic barriers.Author: Ashaben Patel, Kishore Cholkar, Vibhuti Agrahari, Ashim K Mitra
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