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https://www.slideshare.net/shreeraj9183/iontophoresis-drug-delivery-system
Aug 28, 2012 · Advantages over other delivery system Iontophoresis enlarges the range of drug candidates for transdermal administration. Fast skin recovery than parentral route. Less risk of systemic absorption than injection. Less anxiety provoking or painful than injection Increases therapeutic efficacy by bypassing hepatic “first pass” metabolism. Inter and intra subject variability is considerably reduced …
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3293348/
Dec 13, 2011 · Iontophoresis enhances drug delivery across the skin by two principal mechanisms: electrorepulsion and electroosmosis. Electrorepulsion is the direct effect of the applied electric field on a charged permeant. The second mechanism, electroosmosis, results from the fact that the skin supports a net negative charge at physiological pH [42, 43].
https://www.a3bs.com/iontophoresis,pg_916.html
Iontophoresis is a technique using a small electric charge to deliver a medicine or other chemical through the skin. This process is a non-invasive method of propelling high concentrations of a charged substance, normally a medication or bioactive agent, transdermally by repulsive electromotive force using a small electric...
http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/iontophoresis-controlled-transdermal-drug-delivery-system/?view=fulltext
Iontophoresis drug delivery system is the method, where the movements of ions across a membrane enhanced by using an externally applied potential current difference. When the membrane used skin is defined as transdermal iontophoresis. The main principle barrier to the transport of the drug molecules across the skin membrane is stratum corneum (sc).
https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/iontophoresis-a-functional-approach-for-enhancement-of-transdermal-drug-delivery.pdf
Iontophoresis in combination with chemical enhancers: Although the use of iontophoresis results in much higher drug delivery if compared with conventional passive delivery, it still has limitations as a technique. Chemical enhancers can be given in combination with iontophoresis to achieve even higher drug penetration.Author: Prabhakar Satwaji Panzade
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/shreeraj9183-1519650-iontophoresis-drug-delivery-system/
Aug 28, 2012 · Introduction Definition:- Iontophoresis can be defined as the permeation of ionized drug molecules across biological membranes under the influence of electrical current . 3 PowerPoint Presentation: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT :- The idea of applying electric current to increase the penetration of electrically charged drugs into surface tissues was probably originated by varatti in 1747.
http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/iontophoresis-an-approach-to-drug-delivery-enhancement/?view=fulltext
Formulation a nd Dosing i n Iontophoresis : Iontophoresis being a physical enhancement technique for transdermal drug delivery system, a very high probability states that there is a difference in amount of dose loaded in device and the actual amount penetrating the skin layers.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169409X03002424
Anodal iontophoresis for 30 min at 0.5 mA cm −2 followed by passive delivery for 30 min was shown to increase the amount of drug recovered in the skin, especially in the upper ∼50 mm of the membrane as compared to passive delivery and iontophoretic delivery alone. Although khellin is neutral, its permeation was enhanced by iontophoresis on account of electroosmosis.Author: Yogeshvar N. Kalia, Aarti Naik, James Garrison, Richard H. Guy
http://www.electrotherapy.org/modality/iontophoresis
"Iontophoresis: the process behind noninvasive drug delivery." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 30(3): 292-294. Examples of Iontophoresis Research Publications (there are over 5000 references relating to this subject - this is a SMALL smaple!)
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