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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556569
For a drug to be delivered passively via the skin it needs to have adequate lipophilicity and also a molecular weight <500 Da. These requirements have limited the number of commercially available products based on transdermal or dermal delivery.Author: Marc B. Brown, Gary P. Martin, Stuart A. Jones, Franklin K. Akomeah
https://www.nemera.net/products/dermal/
Dermal Some dermal or transdermal drugs can be very sensitive and need to be delivered at a consistent & precise dosage. Patients need convenient and reliable dermal delivery systems. High-performance atmospheric or airless delivery systems for prescription (Rx) and over the counter (OTC) drugs.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700785/
Today, there are 19 transdermal delivery systems for such drugs as estradiol, fentanyl, lidocaine and testosterone; combination patches containing more than one drug for contraception and hormone replacement; and iontophoretic and ultrasonic delivery systems for analgesia (Table 1, Fig. 1). Between 1979 and 2002, a new patch was approved on average every 2.2 years.Author: Mark R Prausnitz, Robert Langer
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7221902_Dermal_and_Transdermal_Drug_Delivery_Systems_Current_and_Future_Prospects
When applied to the skin, a drug delivery system can be considered dermal (when the targeting site of the drug is the skin) or transdermal (when the drug needs to pass through skin layers in order to reach its target); for mucosal tissue administration, delivery can be mucosal and transmucosal [18].
https://www.slideshare.net/Nabiilah/dermal-and-transdermal-drug-delivery-system
Nov 11, 2014 · Dermal Drug Delivery Systems • OINTMENTS – Ointments are semisolid preparations for external application to skin or mucous membranes. – Their composition softens but does not melt upon application to the skin. – Therapeutically, ointments function as skin protectives and emollients,...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/transdermal-drug-delivery-system
Transdermal drug delivery systems provide an easy, reliable mechanism of administering drugs when rapid onset is not important. Transdermal drug delivery bypasses the enterohepatic circulation, thereby providing a more reliable clinical action.
https://www.pharmacytimes.com/publications/issue/2013/may2013/transdermal-drug-delivery-systems-the-skinny-on-cutaneous-reactions
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: The Skinny on Cutaneous Reactions. TDSs have grown in popularity, but side effects that include dermatitis and contact allergic reactions are possible.
https://www.ondrugdelivery.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/1060_GF_ONdrgDelivery_Issue-56_-transdermal_MR.pdf
Drug Delivery Systems. Reproduced with kind permission. ONdrugDelivery Issue No 56, March 31st, 2015 Transdermal Delivery & Microneedles This edition is one in the ONdrugDelivery series of publications from Frederick Furness Publishing. Each issue focuses on a specific topic within the field of drug delivery, and is supported by industry leaders
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transdermal+drug+delivery
Transdermal drug delivery has some benefits: skipping first pass metabolism in liver, steady infusion of a drug over an extended period of time, better compliance of the patient due to ease of usage and reduced frequency of use, a choice for drugs with low therapeutic index and short half life, and so easy elimination of drug when toxicity occurs during the application [3,5,6].
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