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https://owlcation.com/stem/Front-and-Rear-fanged-Snake-Envenomation-Systems
To give an example of the difference in venom delivery efficiency, one can extract most of the venom from a front-fanged snake in a matter of ~12 seconds, compared to the ~20 minutes it takes to extract most of the venom from a rear-fanged snake, making the front-fanged snake venom delivery system ~100x more efficient (relative to the total ...Author: Christopher Rex
https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/137/3/337/2624194
Mar 12, 2003 · Venom-delivery systems (VDSs) have evolved independently several times among vertebrates. The earliest known example is a hollow fang from a Triassic ‘reptile’ of uncertain taxonomic affiliation Among living vertebrates, VDSs are found in mammals and squamates.Author: Kate Jackson
http://www.kingsnake.com/aho/pdf/menu2/jackson2002.pdf
Venom-delivery systems (VDSs) have evolved inde-pendently several times among vertebrates. The ear-liest known example is a hollow fang from a Triassic ‘reptile’ of uncertain taxonomic affiliation (Sues, 1991) Among living vertebrates, VDSs are found in mam-mals and squamates. Mammalian VDSs include mildly toxic salivary secretions ...
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227541288_The_evolution_of_venom-delivery_systems_in_snakes
The evolution of venom-delivery systems in snakes. KATE JACKSON. Department of Herpetology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/venom
Venom delivery systems have evolved independently at least twice within the Squamata. Nevertheless, considerable variation in morphology, development, and effectiveness of venom-delivery systems exists. All members of the Helodermatidae, Elapidae, and Viperidae are …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venomous_mammal
To explain the rarity of venom delivery in Mammalia, Mark Dufton of the University of Strathclyde has suggested that modern mammalian predators do not need venom because they are able to kill quickly with their teeth or claws, whereas venom, no matter how sophisticated, requires time to disable prey.
https://venomevolution.wordpress.com/2014/04/21/choose-your-weapon-venom-delivery-systems/
Apr 21, 2014 · Choose your weapon: venom-delivery systems 21 Apr. A platypus spur being displayed, I imagine, very carefully. (Source: Wikipedia. Image by Unknown) At the midpoint of the semester I feel the need to let off some steam, and so this post will be all about the many violent ways to deliver venom. The venomous animal kingdom offers an impressive ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04328
Nov 16, 2005 · Among extant reptiles only two lineages are known to have evolved venom delivery systems, the advanced snakes and helodermatid lizards (Gila Monster and Beaded Lizard) 1.Evolution of …Author: Bryan G. Fry, Bryan G. Fry, Nicolas Vidal, Janette A. Norman, Freek J. Vonk, Holger Scheib, S. F. Ry...
https://phys.org/news/2018-02-sea-anemone-cells-drug-delivery.html
Sea anemone sting cells could inspire new drug-delivery systems. by Jude Gonzalez, From Horizon Magazine, ... India, is investigating the origin of venom-delivery systems. He says that even though ...
http://www.venomdoc.com/lizard-venom-system-evolution
Reptile venom evolution in general is an area of controversy and lizard venom is particularly contentious.This is despite the growing pile of robust genetic evidence and integrated morphological/molecular analyses, in which a well-supported clade is consistently recovered containing Anguimorpha, Iguania and Serpentes.
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