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https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM199312233292601
There was only a slight increase in the incidence among the multiparous group post partum (4 percent), suggesting that the risk of sphincter damage is greatest during the first vaginal delivery ...Author: Abdul H. Sultan, Michael A. Kamm, Christopher N. Hudson, Janice M. Thomas, Clive I. Bartram
https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2001/05000/Anal_Sphincter_Damage_After_Vaginal_Delivery_Using.24.aspx
The most common cause of anal sphincter injury is obstetric trauma sustained during vaginal delivery. One study using anal endosonography found external anal sphincter tears in 35% of 79 primiparous women who had vaginal deliveries, with 13% having some degree of fecal incontinence 6 weeks after delivery. 1 Two recent reports found a similar frequency of tears, 2,3 although two others found 20 ...
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199312233292601
There was only a slight increase in the incidence among the multiparous group post partum (4 percent), suggesting that the risk of sphincter damage is greatest during the first vaginal delivery ...
https://www.webmd.com/baby/news/20000106/common-procedure-during-delivery-linked-lasting-rectal-injuries
Jan 06, 2000 · Common Procedure During Delivery Linked to Lasting Rectal Injuries. ... in causing the damage to the anal sphincter that leads to the uncontrolled bowel …
https://www.mdedge.com/familymedicine/article/62066/womens-health/obstetric-anal-sphincter-injury-how-avoid-how-repair
In this article, we review measures to reduce the occurrence of obstetric anal sphincter injury, proper primary repair when it does occur, and appropriate long-term follow-up. Women with known obstetric anal sphincter injury must also be counseled about the risk of further damage during a future vaginal delivery.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01310426
Vaginal delivery may cause various levels of damage to the anal sphincter. According to the literature, one third - two third of women diagnosed with 3rd degree rupture during vaginal delivery suffer from fecal incontinence. This has an adverse effect on the quality of life.
https://www.glynns.co.uk/articles/anal-sphincter-damage-after-birth.php
Anal Sphincter Damage After Birth. During childbirth it is possible for the anal sphincter to suffer a degree of damage. If so, it is very important the injury is recognised and repaired at the time, as this will ensure the best chance of recovery.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029784498002567
Objective: Cesarean delivery has been thought to prevent all obstetric anal sphincter damage. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the timing of cesarean during primiparous delivery and injury to the anal sphincter mechanism.
https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c3414
Anal sphincter injury during childbirth is a leading cause of anal incontinence. In a study of more than 20 000 consecutive vaginal deliveries, clinically diagnosed obstetric anal sphincter injury occurred in 2.9% of primiparous women and 0.8% of multiparous ones. 1 Of women who have sustained such an injury, 60-80% are asymptomatic at 12 months, of whom most report incontinence of flatus only ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC99311/
Feb 05, 2002 · The central role of median episiotomy and operative delivery, especially forceps delivery, in causing anal sphincter damage in these women has been demonstrated previously. 15, 22, 23, 24 Performing median episiotomy at the time of operative
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fecal-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20351397
Jan 17, 2020 · Common causes of fecal incontinence include diarrhea, constipation, and muscle or nerve damage. The muscle or nerve damage may be associated with aging or with giving birth. Whatever the cause, fecal incontinence can be embarrassing. But don't shy away from talking to your doctor. Treatments can improve fecal incontinence and your quality of life.
https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/womens-health/obstetric-anal-sphincter-injury-causes-effects-and-management-24-04-2017/
Apr 24, 2017 · Weakness of, or damage to, the anal sphincters is the most common cause of FI and, in women, anal sphincter damage is often caused by childbirth. During childbirth, many women sustain tears in the perineal area (the area between the vaginal opening and the anus). These can involve the:
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/repair-of-perineal-and-other-lacerations-associated-with-childbirth#!
INTRODUCTION. After vaginal delivery, the vagina, perineum, and anorectum are examined to identify and repair significant injuries. In particular, occult injury to the anal sphincter complex may occur at the time of an otherwise uncomplicated delivery and, if neglected, can contribute to anal and fecal incontinence [].Even when recognized and repaired, persistent sphincter dysfunction is ...
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225572462_Anal_Sphincter_Damage_After_Vaginal_Delivery
Persisting sphincter defects, shown by anal endosonography, were significantly more present in patients with anal sphincter damage after delivery with (86 percent) and Without (67 percent ...
https://colorectal.surgery.ucsf.edu/conditions--procedures/fecal-incontinence.aspx
Fecal incontinence, also called a bowel control problem, is the accidental passing of solid or liquid stool or mucus from the rectum. Fecal incontinence includes the inability to hold a bowel movement until reaching a toilet as well as passing stool into one’s underwear without being aware of it happening.
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