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https://www.msdvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-eye/routes-of-administration-for-ocular-medications
Routes of Administration for Ocular Medications. The three primary methods of delivery of ocular medications to the eye are topical, local ocular (ie, subconjunctival, intravitreal, retrobulbar, intracameral), and systemic. The most appropriate method of administration depends on the area of the eye to be medicated.
https://clinicalgate.com/ocular-drug-delivery/
• Drug delivery routes available for treating ocular conditions are topical, systemic (oral or injection), intraocular or periocular (injection or implant). • Topical ophthalmic preparations can be classified into solutions, suspensions, ointments, gels and sub-micron emulsions.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/intraocular-drug-administration
Ocular drug delivery is one of the most challenging administration routes, due to the eye’s unique anatomy and physiology. In general, drug absorption into the eye is limited and generally, less than 10% of the administered drug reaches the posterior segment of the eye.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895432/
May 01, 2010 · COLLOIDAL DOSAGE FORMS FOR OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY. Colloidal dosage forms have been widely studied and employed in the field of ocular drug delivery . These dosage forms include liposomes, nanoparticles, microemulsions, and nanoemulsions etc. Barriers to ocular drug delivery have already been described earlier in the context of structure and function of various ocular …Author: Ripal Gaudana, Hari Krishna Ananthula, Ashwin Parenky, Ashim K. Mitra
https://www.future-science.com/doi/10.4155/tde.12.94
The eye is a direct extension of the CNS. The clarity of its different structures and media and its exposure outside the body create ideal conditions for local delivery of drugs. In appearance, the eye seems easily accessible but delivering drugs to the eye remains one of …Author: Francine Behar-Cohen
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644618304008
Ocular drug delivery of biologics to the posterior segment of the eye is an important and rapidly developing field due to the growing need for treatments for ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vascular diseases, posterior uveitis, and glaucomatous optic neuropathies [1].Author: Debby Chang, Kinam Park, Amin Famili
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289909/
Intravitreal injection is the most common and widely recommended route of drug administration to treat posterior ocular diseases. Though, the need of repeated eye puncture with intravitreal injections causes several side effects such as endophthalmitis, hemorrhage, retinal detachment and poor patient tolerance …Author: Ashaben Patel, Kishore Cholkar, Vibhuti Agrahari, Ashim K Mitra
https://www.fda.gov/drugs/data-standards-manual-monographs/route-administration
113 rows · Route of Administration shall consist of an alphabetic term which has a maximum length …
https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/drug-delivery-systems-getting-drugs-their-targets-controlled-manner
Current research on drug delivery systems can be described in four broad categories: routes of delivery, delivery vehicles, cargo, and targeting strategies. Routes of Delivery. Medications can be taken in a variety of ways—by swallowing, by inhalation, …
https://www.slideshare.net/vijayalakshmikalaga/ocular-drug-delivery-systems
Sep 17, 2012 · CONVENTIONAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS:Eye Drops: Drugs which are active at eye or eye surface are widely administered inthe form of Solutions, Emulsion and Suspension. Various properties of eye drops like hydrogen ion concentration,osmolality, viscosity and instilled volume can influence retention of asolution in the eye. Less than 5 % of the dose is absorbed after topical administration intothe eye…
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